Pelvic floor dysfunction (PFD) is a common condition affecting people of all ages and genders. In fact, it affects almost 40% of women and 16% of men. And of women who have given birth, it is estimated that as many as 50% suffer from PFD. Despite this, pelvic floor dysfunction often goes undiagnosed or is misunderstood.

So, let’s get to the bottom of what pelvic floor dysfunction is, why it happens, and how to diagnose and treat it.

First, what is the Pelvic Floor?

Picture a hammock or sling-like structure of muscles, tendons, and connective tissues stretching from your pubic bone in the front to your tailbone at the back. This is your pelvic floor, and it supports some crucial organs, such as the bladder, uterus, and rectum. The pelvic floor muscles are crucial in maintaining continence to control the release of urine and feces, providing support and stability, and are integral to sexual function and pleasure.

What is Pelvic Floor Dysfunction?

Like all other muscles in the body, the pelvic floor needs to be able to contract, relax, and lengthen, depending on the intended goal. Pelvic floor dysfunction (PFD) occurs when your pelvic floor muscles are over-stretched, weak, tight, or not coordinating correctly. When these muscles aren’t functioning as they should, it can contribute to a variety of symptoms, such as constipation, urinary incontinence, prolapse, pain during sex, and pain in the lower back, pelvis, or tailbone.

What Factors May Lead to Pelvic Floor Dysfunction?

Being pregnant and giving birth. Pregnancy and labor can stretch and strain the pelvic floor muscles.
Back pain. The pelvis supports the lower back, so back pain may indicate PFD.
Ongoing constipation and straining to empty. Straining during bowel movements can weaken the pelvic floor.
Heavy lifting at work or the gym. Repeated heavy lifting can damage the pelvic floor muscles.
Chronic coughing or sneezing. Persistent coughing and sneezing can increase pressure on the pelvic floor, causing urinary leakage.
Injury to the pelvic region, hips, or lower back. Trauma injuries to the pelvic area can cause PFD.
Obesity. Extra weight puts more pressure and demand on the pelvic floor.
Surgery. Pelvic surgeries can sometimes damage these muscles.
Aging. Our muscles naturally weaken with time.

Who Does PFD Affect?

Pelvic floor dysfunction can affect people of all ages and genders. If you have a body, then you have a pelvic floor, which means you can have PFD.

Women (both pregnant and not pregnant)
Men
Transgender and non-binary people
Children and teens
Elderly people
People struggling with infertility

What are the Symptoms of Pelvic Floor Dysfunction?

Chronic constipation
Pain during sex or pleasure
Difficulty starting or stopping the flow of urine
Urinary issues – including pain, urgency, increased frequency
Low back, pelvic, or tailbone pain
Incontinence or leaking of urine, stool, and/or gas
A feeling of heaviness or pressure on the pelvic floor (prolapse)

Finding the root cause of your symptoms is the most important thing, and it is best done with a pelvic health specialist. Trying to treat symptoms at home can make them worse.

How is Pelvic Floor Dysfunction Diagnosed?

If you are living with any of the above symptoms (even a little bit!), then it’s time to meet with a pelvic floor physical therapist you trust. These pelvic health specialists have experience working with PFD and can help diagnose the issue and create a treatment plan tailored to your needs.

However, not all pelvic floor physical therapists and pelvic health clinics are equal. So, before you dive into that first appointment, it’s important to do your homework and find the best therapist to treat your concerns properly. We recommend asking the pelvic floor specialist these 5 questions to confirm they will provide you with the treatment, care, and time you need.

Wondering what to expect at your pelvic floor evaluation? Your first visit may include:

Listening to your story to understand your symptoms and possible causes
An assessment of your hips, spine, and abdomen
An assessment of your posture, breathing, muscle tightness or weakness
An internal pelvic floor assessment (with consent!)
Outlining a treatment and at-home exercise program

You Deserve to Feel Confident and Pain-Free

Pelvic floor dysfunction is a common yet often overlooked condition that can significantly impact your quality of life. But the good news is it is treatable and you can take measures to regain your pelvic floor health and wellness. If you suspect you may have PFD, don’t hesitate to seek professional medical advice and explore the treatment options available to you.

About Pelvic Health & Wellness

Pelvic Health & Wellness was built with you in mind. We practice whole-person, individualized pelvic floor physical therapy in a caring and safe environment. Our therapists specialize in treating pelvic health concerns such as fertility, pain, incontinence, pelvic organ prolapse, constipation, and various pregnancy and postpartum-related conditions.

We understand that being ready to talk about and address your pelvic floor wellness concerns comes from a place of strength. We are here to support and encourage you on your journey back to pelvic health so you can return to doing what you love! If you are ready to take the first step in reclaiming your pelvic health and wellness, contact us today.

What is Pelvic Floor Dysfunction? Here’s Everything You Need to Know.